Progress
SQL-92
Guide and Reference
Preface
Purpose
The manual describes the syntax and semantics of Progress SQL-92 language statements and elements.
Audience
This manual is intended for application programmers writing database applications using the Progress SQL-92 environment.
Organization of This Manual
Introduces the application developer to the SQL-92 environment, including the interactive user interface tool SQL Explorer. Provides an overview of related documentation and resources.
Describes language elements that are common to many SQL statements.
Provides detailed reference information on each SQL statement. The statements are presented in alphabetical order.
Provides detailed reference information on SQL functions. The functions are presented in alphabetical order.
"Java Stored Procedures and Triggers"
Describes the Java stored procedures and triggers that SQL Server processes execute.
Provides reference information on Java classes and methods.
"Progress SQL-92 Reference Information"
Provides information on these topics:
"Progress SQL-92 System Catalog Tables"
Lists column names, column data types, and column lengths for system tables in the Progress SQL-92 system catalog.
"Data Type Compatibility Issues with Previous Versions of Progress"
Lists Progress supported data types and corresponding Progress SQL-92 data types. Describes support for the ARRAY data type.
"Progress SQL-92 Elements and Statements in Backus Naur Form (BNF)"
Presents SQL-92 language elements and SQL-92 syntax in Backus Naur Form.
"Compliance with Industry Standards"
Provides information on ANSI SQL-92 compliance and ODBC compatibility for supported Progress functions, DDL Statements, and DML Statements.
Provides definition of new terms.
Typographical Conventions
This manual uses the following typographical conventions:
The following typographical conventions are used to represent keystrokes:
- Small capitals are used for Progress key functions and generic keyboard keys.
END-ERROR, GET, GO
ALT, CTRL, SPACEBAR, TAB- When you have to press a combination of keys, they are joined by a dash. You press and hold down the first key, then press the second key.
CTRL-X
- When you have to press and release one key, then press another key, the key names are separated with a space.
ESCAPE H
ESCAPE CURSOR-LEFTSyntax Notation
The syntax for each SQL-92 component follows a set of conventions:
- Uppercase words are keywords. Although they are always shown in uppercase, you can use either uppercase or lowercase when using them in an expression or a statement.
In this example, GRANT, RESOURCE, DBA, and TO are keywords:
- Italics identify options or arguments that you must supply. These options can be defined as part of the syntax or in a separate syntax identified by the name in italics. In the GRANT statement you must supply at least one user_name.
- Square brackets ([ ] ) around an item indicate that the item, or a choice of one of the enclosed items, is optional.
In this syntax example the first user_name is required, and additional user_name specifications are optional:
NOTE: The ellipsis (...) indicates repetition, as shown in a following description.
- Braces ({ }) around an item indicate that the item, or a choice of one of the enclosed items, is required.
In the GRANT example, you must specify either RESOURCE or DBA or both, and at least one user_name. Any user_name specifications after the first are optional:
In some cases, braces are not a syntax notation, but part of the language.
For example, this excerpt from an ODBC application invokes a stored procedure using the ODBC syntax { call procedure_name ( param ) }, where braces and parentheses are part of the language:
- A vertical bar (|) indicates a choice. In the CREATE SYNONYM example you must specify a table_name, view_name, or synonym but you can only choose one. Note that in all SQL-92 syntax, if you specify the optional owner_name qualifier, there must not be a blank between the period separator and the table_name or view_name or synonym:
In the DELETE FROM example, you must specify one of table_name or view_name:
- Ellipses (...) indicate that you can choose one or more of the preceding items. If a group of items is enclosed in braces and followed by ellipses, you must choose one or more of those items. If a group of items is enclosed in brackets and followed by ellipses, you can optionally choose one or more of those items.
In the ORDER BY example, you must include one expression (expr) or column position (posn), and you can optionally specify the sort order as ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC). You can specify additional expressions or column positions for sorting within a sorted result set. The SQL-92 engine orders the rows on the basis of the first expr or posn. If the values are the same, the second expr or posn is used in the ordering:
In the GRANT example, you must include one user_name, but you can optionally include more. Note that each subsequent user_name must be preceded by a comma:
- In many examples, the syntax is too long to place in one horizontal row. In such cases, optional items appear individually bracketed in multiple rows in order, left-to-right and top-to-bottom. This order generally applies, unless otherwise specified. Required items also appear on multiple rows in the required order, left-to-right and top-to-bottom. In cases where grouping and order might otherwise be ambiguous, braced (required) or bracketed (optional) groups clarify the groupings.
In this example, CREATE VIEW is followed by several optional items:
How to Use This Manual
This book assumes that you have successfully installed the Progress database and SQL-92 development environment as described in the Progress Installation Notes . This book is primarily a reference guide for SQL-92 application developers. See also the Progress Embedded SQL-92 Guide and Reference for information on how to write an SQL application by embedding SQL statements in the C Language.
See "SQL-92 Language Elements", "SQL-92 Statements", and "SQL-92 Functions" if you require complete syntax for SQL-92 language elements, statements and functions. You can apply this SQL-92 syntax to the Progress SQL Explorer tool, the Java ProgressTest, embedded SQL-92 applications or any SQL Client tool that generates SQL-92 compatible syntax. See "Compliance with Industry Standards," for a summary of Progress compliance for supported scalar functions and statements.
See "Java Stored Procedures and Triggers" and "Java Class Reference" for reference information on Java classes and methods, and instructions on how to create Java stored procedures.
Other Useful Documentation
This section lists Progress Software Corporation documentation that you might find useful. Unless otherwise specified, these manuals support both Windows and Character platforms and are provided in electronic documentation format on CD-ROM.
Getting Started
Progress Electronic Documentation Installation and Configuration Guide (Hard copy only)
A booklet that describes how to install the Progress EDOC viewer and collection on UNIX and Windows.
Progress Installation and Configuration Guide Version 9 for UNIX
A manual that describes how to install and set up Progress Version 9.1 for the UNIX operating system.
Progress Installation and Configuration Guide Version 9 for Windows
A manual that describes how to install and set up Progress Version 9.1 for all supported Windows and Citrix MetaFrame operating systems.
Progress Version 9 Product Update Bulletin
A guide that provides a brief description of each new feature of the release. The booklet also explains where to find more detailed information in the documentation set about each new feature.
Progress Master Glossary for Windows and Progress Master Glossary for Character (EDOC only)
Platform-specific master glossaries for the Progress documentation set. These books are in electronic format only.
Progress Master Index and Glossary for Windows and Progress Master Index and Glossary for Character (Hard copy only)
Platform-specific master indexes and glossaries for the Progress hard-copy documentation set.
Welcome to Progress (Hard copy only)
A booklet that explains how Progress software and media are packaged. An icon-based map groups the documentation by functionality, providing an overall view of the documentation set. Welcome to Progress also provides descriptions of the various services Progress Software Corporation offers.
Development Tools
Progress Basic Database Tools (Character only; information for Windows is in online help)
A guide for the Progress Database Administration tools, such as the Data Dictionary.
Database
Progress Database Design Guide
A guide that uses a sample database and the Progress Data Dictionary to illustrate the fundamental principles of relational database design. Topics include relationships, normalization, indexing, and database triggers.
Progress Database Administration Guide and Reference
This guide describes Progress database administration concepts and procedures. The procedures allow you to create and maintain your Progress databases and manage their performance.
SQL-92
Progress Embedded SQL-92 Guide and Reference
A guide to Progress Embedded SQL-92 for C, including step-by-step instructions for building ESQL-92 applications and reference information about all Embedded SQL-92 Preprocessor statements and supporting function calls. This guide also describes the relationship between ESQL-92 and the ANSI standards upon which it is based.
A guide to the Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) interface and the Progress SQL-92 JDBC driver. It describes how to set up and use the driver and details the driver’s support for the JDBC interface.
A guide to the ODBC interface and the Progress SQL-92 ODBC driver. It describes how to set up and use the driver and details the driver’s support for the ODBC interface.
Reference
Pocket Progress (Hard copy only)
A reference that lets you quickly look up information about the Progress language or programming environment.
SQL-92 Reference
These are non-Progress resources available from your technical bookseller.
A Guide to the SQL Standard
Date, C.J., with Hugh Darwen. 1997. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
Understanding the New SQL: A Complete Guide
Melton, Jim (Digital Equipment Corporation) and Alan R. Simon. 1993. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers.
Copyright © 2004 Progress Software Corporation www.progress.com Voice: (781) 280-4000 Fax: (781) 280-4095 |