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JDBC Driver Guide
Glossary
AppletA special kind of Java program whose compiled class files a Java-enabled browser can download from the Internet and run.
ASCIIAmerican Standard Code for Information Interchange. A seven-bit character set that provides 128 character combinations.
BytecodeMachine-independent code generated by the Java compiler and executed by the Java interpreter.
ClientIn client/server systems, the part of the system that sends requests to servers and processes the results of those requests.
CollationThe rules used to control how character strings in a character set compare with each other. Each character set specifies a collating sequence that defines relative values of each character for comparing, merging, and sorting character strings. In addition, storage systems can define additional collations that SQL statements specify with the COLLATE clause in column definitions, column references, and character-string references.
Data DictionaryAnother term for System Catalog.
Data SourceSee ODBC Data Source.
Driver ManagerSee JDBC Driver Manager.
Form of UseThe storage format for characters in a character set. Some character sets, such as ASCII, require one byte (Octet) for each character. Others, such as Unicode, use two bytes, and are called multi-octet character sets.
Input ParameterIn a stored procedure specification, an argument that an application must pass when it calls the stored procedure. In an SQL statement, a Parameter Marker in the statement string that acts as a placeholder for a value that will be substituted when the statement executes.
InterfaceIn Java, a definition of a set of methods that one or more objects will implement. Interfaces declare only methods and constants, not variables. Interfaces provide multiple-inheritance capabilities.
Java SnippetSee Snippet.
JDBCJava Database Connectivity. A part of the Java language that allows applications to embed standard SQL statements and access any database that implements a JDBC driver.
JDBC DriverDatabase-specific software that receives calls from the JDBC driver manager, translates them into a form that the database can process, and returns data to the application.
JDBC Driver ManagerA Java class that implements methods to route calls from a JDBC application to the appropriate JDBC driver for a particular JDBC URL.
MetadataData that details the structure of tables and indexes in the database. The SQL engine stores metadata in the system catalog.
OctetA group of eight bits. Synonymous with byte and often used in descriptions of character-set encoding format.
ODBC Data SourceIn ODBC terminology, a specific combination of a database system, the operating system it uses, and any network software required to access it. Before applications can access a database through ODBC, you use the ODBC Administrator to add a data source—register information about the database and an ODBC driver that can connect to it—for that database. More than one data source name can refer to the same database, and deleting a data source does not delete the associated database.
ODBC DriverVendor-supplied software that processes ODBC function calls for a specific data source. The driver connects to the data source, translates the standard SQL statements into syntax the data source can process, and returns data to the application. Progress SQL-92 includes an ODBC driver that provides access to proprietary storage systems underlying the ODBC server.
Output ParameterIn a stored procedure specification, an argument in which the stored procedure returns a value after it executes.
PackageA group of related Java classes and interfaces, like a class library in C++. The Java development environment includes many packages of classes that procedures can import. The Java run-time system automatically imports the java.lang package. Stored procedures must explicitly import other classes by specifying them in the IMPORT clause of a CREATE PROCEDURE statement.
Parameter MarkerA question mark (?) in a procedure call or SQL statement string that acts as a placeholder for an input or output parameter supplied at run time when the procedure executes. The CALL statement (or corresponding ODBC or JDBC escape clause) uses parameter markers to pass parameters to stored procedures, and the SQLIStatement, SQLPStatement, and SQLCursor objects use them within procedures.
Procedure BodyIn a stored procedure, the Java code between the BEGIN and END keywords of a CREATE PROCEDURE statement.
Procedure Result SetIn a stored procedure, a set of data rows returned to the calling application. The number and data types of columns in the procedure result set are specified in the RESULT clause of the CREATE PROCEDURE statement. The procedure can transfer data from an SQL Result Set to the procedure result set or it can store data generated internally. A stored procedure can have only one procedure result set.
Procedure SpecificationIn a CREATE PROCEDURE statement, the clauses preceding the procedure body that specify the procedure name, any input and output parameters, any result set columns, and any Java packages to import.
Procedure VariableA Java variable declared within the body of a stored procedure, as compared to a procedure Input Parameter or Output Parameter, which are declared outside the procedure body and are visible to the application that calls the stored procedure.
RepertoireThe set of characters allowed in a character set.
Result SetIn a Stored Procedure, either an SQL Result Set or a Procedure Result Set.
More generally, another term for Result Table.
Result TableA virtual table of values derived from columns and rows of one or more tables that meet conditions specified by an SQL query expression.
ServerIn client/server systems, the part of the system that receives requests from clients and responds with results to those requests.
SnippetIn a stored procedure, the sequence of Java statements between the BEGIN and END keywords in the CREATE PROCEDURE (or CREATE TRIGGER) statement. The Java statements become a method in a class the SQL engine creates and submits to the Java compiler.
SQLCASQL Communications area. A data structure that contains information about the execution status (success, error, or warning conditions) of the most recent SQL statement. The SQLCA includes an SQLCODE field. The SQLCA provides the same information as the SQL diagnostics area, but is not compliant with the SQL-92 standard. Progress SQL-92 supports both the SQLCA and the SQL diagnostics area.
SQLCODEAn integer status parameter whose value indicates the condition status returned by the most recent SQL statement. An SQLCODE value of zero means success, a positive value means warning, and a negative value means an error status. SQLCODE is superseded by SQLSTATE in the SQL-92 standard. Applications declare either SQLSTATE or SQLCODE, or both. SQL returns the status to SQLSTATE or SQLCODE after execution of each SQL statement.
SQLSTATEA five-character status parameter whose value indicates the condition status returned by the most recent SQL statement. SQLSTATE is specified by the SQL-92 standard as a replacement for the SQLCODE status parameter (which was part of SQL-89). SQLSTATE defines many more specific error conditions than SQLCODE, which allows applications to implement more portable error handling. Applications declare either SQLSTATE or SQLCODE, or both. SQL returns the status to SQLSTATE or SQLCODE after execution of each SQL statement.
SQL EngineThe core component of the Progress SQL-92 environment. The SQL engine receives requests from applications, processes them, and returns results.
SQL Result SetIn a stored procedure, the set of data rows generated by an SQL statement (SELECT and, in some cases, CALL).
Stored ProcedureA snippet of Java source code embedded in an SQL CREATE PROCEDURE statement. The source code can use all standard Java features as well as use Progress SQL-92-supplied Java classes for processing any number of SQL statements.
System CatalogTables created by the SQL engine that store information about tables, columns, and indexes that make up the database.
System TablesAnother term for System Catalog.
TransactionA group of operations whose changes can be made permanent or undone only as a unit. Once implementations add the ability to change data in the proprietary storage system, they must also implement transaction management to protect against data corruption.
TriggerA special type of stored procedure that helps ensure referential integrity for a database. Like stored procedures, triggers also contain Java source code (embedded in a CREATE TRIGGER statement) and use Progress SQL-92 Java classes. However, triggers are automatically invoked (fired) by certain SQL operations (an insert, update, or delete operation) on the triggers’ target table.
Trigger Action TimeThe BEFORE or AFTER keywords in a CREATE TRIGGER statement. The trigger action time specifies whether the actions implemented by the trigger execute before or after the triggering INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statement.
Trigger EventThe statement that causes a trigger to execute. Trigger events can be SQL INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements that affect the table for which a trigger is defined.
Triggered ActionThe Java code within the BEGIN END clause of a CREATE TRIGGER statement. The code implements actions to be completed when a triggering statement specifies the target table.
UnicodeA superset of the ASCII character set that uses two bytes for each character rather than ASCII’s seven-bit representation. Able to handle 65,536 character combinations instead of ASCII’s 128, Unicode includes alphabets for many of the world’s languages. The first 128 codes of Unicode are identical to ASCII, with a second-byte value of zero.
URLIn general, a Universal Resource Locator. Used to specify protocols and locations of items on the Internet. In JDBC, a database connection string in the form jdbc:subprotocol:subname.
Virtual MachineThe Java specification for a hardware-independent and portable language environment. Java language compilers generate code that can execute on a virtual machine. Implementations of the Java virtual machine for specific hardware and software platforms allow the same compiled code to execute without modification.
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